Superimposition

A “super” is an effect where two shots (or more) are held on top of each other full screen. It is used above at 0.24. I think it was used here because it makes the scene more realistic and encourages fear in the viewer.

Wipe

A transitional effect where the incoming shot replaces the outgoing shot by appearing to wipe (erase) it from the screen. It is used above at 2.09. It is often used in the form of doors or elevators opening/closing. I think this is to provide continuity and make the scene more realistic.

Cut

The joining together of two different shots or two parts of the same shot. It is used above at 3.30. I think it was used here because it provides continuity to the shot and therefore makes it more professional and more believable.

Fade Out

A dissolve from a filmed shot to black, sometimes white, and once in a great while yellow, blue, or another color. This is used at 0.30 in the above clip. I think it was used here because it helps to create tension for the audience, because its cutting the scene off short, however with a soft cut, making them wonder what will happen next. And therefore influencing them to want to watch more.

Fade In

A dissolve to a filmed shot from black, sometimes white, and once in a great while yellow, blue, or another color. In the above example it is used at 0.14. I think this technique is used because it heightens the suspense for the audience with this short pause making them wonder what is next.

Dissolve

The dissolve technique is a transition between two shots where one shot gradually disappears while the succeeding shot appears. The dissolve is a soft cut and is often used to show the passage of time. It is used in the above example 0.21. I think it was used here to signify the change in era to the audience.

Insert

An insert is a shot of some small but significant detail in a scene shot during postproduction on an insert stage or picked up on the set. Term used interchangeably with cutaway. This is used at 0.37. I think its used here because it focuses on the main feature of this episode, and therefore heightens suspense for the viewing audience.

Cutaway

Any shot that will be used to cut away from the main action in the master shot. It is used above between 0.45 and 1.16. I believe it was used here in order to create a high feeling of suspense and anxiety for the audience.

Parallel Editing

Editing two (or more) independent lines of action together – characters, settings, or subjects – that do not interact directly and are unaware of each other. In the above example this is used from 0.47 to 0.50. I think it was used here because this a trailer for a new drama and therefore by using this shot they are able to give a broad overview, while not giving away the storyline.

Cross cutting

Editing two (or more) dependent lines of action together – characters, settings, or subjects – that interact directly and are aware of each other. In the above example this technique is used throughout. I think it was used here to give the audience a true sense of what is going on around the characters instead of focusing on one or 2 main characters.

Jump Cut

A cut where objects or characters appear to jump because the shots are too similar. Technically, this is due to the camera angles of the two shots being less than 30 degrees apart. It is used in the above example at 2.06 into the clip. I think it was used here to create an adrenaline rush for the audience similar to that which would be experienced by the character.

Action Match

An action match is matching the action of characters or objects in one shot to the action in the next shot where the action continues or completes. It can be seen in the above example from 0.22 to 0.26. I think it was used here in order to provide continuity and therefore make the film more professional.

Graphic cut

A graphic cut is a cut between either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which an object in the two shots graphically match, often helping to establish a strong continuity of action. In the above example there is an example of this being used at 0.04. I think it was used here to convey to audience really how frightful this situation would be, and also give a feeling of suspense as to what happened after the gun is shot.

Eyeline Match

An eyeline match is based on the premise that the audience will want to see what the character on-screen is seeing. The eyeline match begins with a character looking at something off-screen, followed by a cut to the object or person at which he is looking. An example of an eyeline match can be seen at 0.10 in the above clip. I think it was used here as it creates suspense by how the actress is behaving and leading the audience to wonder why what she's looking at is making her behave that way.

Shot Reverse Shot

A shot reverse shot is one where one character is shown looking at another character (point-of-view shot) and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character. There is an example of this at 1.33 in the above clip. I think it was used here to make the conversation between characters more realistic and involve the audience more.

Editing: Why is it so important?

Editing is vital to any producer. The main reason for editing is to make the film sensible. A film is made up of several single shots, without editing there would be no continuity and would not be sensible.

Editing: Transition

What is meant by image transition? Image transition is the process by which two or more scenes are combined. These are most commonly used to show a tone or mood, the passing of time or different parts of a story. What is transition of sound? Transition of sound is similar to image transition. It when 2 or more sounds are collaborated together in order to show a change in mood, time, or something else. However there is a noticeable change.

Reverse Zoom

A reverse zoom is the opposite to zoom, it is when the camera zooms out from the object giving a view of the whole scene. In the above example a reverse zoom is used from 0.02. It is obviously used here to show the isolation of the actor and therefore captures audience interest.

Zoom

To zoom is to change the focal length of the camera by adjusting the physical zoom lens. In the above clip there is example of zoom beginning at 0.09. I think it was used to create atmosphere for the audience.

Handheld

A handheld camera is exactly what you expect, it is a camera which is operated in the operators hand rather than through the use of a piece of equipment. Throughout the above clip i think a handheld was used to shoot the scene. Through this the director has portrayed the true sense of chaos realistically to his audience.

Steadicam

Steadicam is a piece of equipment used on cameras allowing it to be seperated from the operaters movement. This means it creates a smooth surface even on rough surfaces. In the above example, a steadicam is used from the beginning of the clip to around 0.05 or 0.04. I believe it was used here in order to create a smooth surface and therefore makes the shot more professional than what would've been created with a handheld camera.

Crane

In film making a crane is used to suspend a camera above the object in order to give a birds eye view. In the above example a crane is used at 0:30. I think it was used here because it gives an broad overview of the scene and therefore creates more atmosphere for the audience.

Dolly (equipment)

A dolly is a special piece of film making equipment used to create a smooth surface for a tracking shot. Above is a picture of what a dolly is. I think this is used because it will make the shot look more professional than if it was being shot by a handheld camera.

Track

A tracking shot is one in which the camera is moved around the scene. This can be done hand held or via the use of a dolly. It is used normally to show the movement of the object. In the above clip, a tracking shot is used between 0:28 and 0:30. I think it was used here to show the velocity of the object, this seems more realistic therefore for the audience.

Tilt

A tilt is the opposite to pan. It is when the camera moves along the vertical axis as opposed to the horizontal. This means its moving up from the bottom of the object, or moving down towards the object. Through this we can see the whole object therefore giving the viewers a more broad overview of it. In the above example, tilt is being used from 0:24 until 0:27. I think it was used on this particular occasion because it shows the whole setting along with the objects, this therefore gives a better sense of the freedom that obviously the actors/actresses are running towards. Therefore, this maintains audience interest because it then leads them to wonder why they want this freedom.

Pan

At 0:08 in the above clip there is an example of pan. To pan is to rotate the camera about the horizontal plane. I believe in the above example that pan was used in order to show the audience the majority of the scene without loosing focus of the subject.

Low Angle

A low angle shot is one which is taken below the eye line. I think in the above example it was used as it would make the audience feel more involved, and as if they were part of the scene. It is often used to make the subject seem more prominent and I suppose there is an element of that here, however I think this shot was mostly used in order to make the audience part of the scene.

Canted Angle

Between 0:21 and 0:23, examples of canted angles can be seen. A canted angle is one in which the camera is placed a jaunted angle to that of which the surface of the object is on. This is often used in supernatural programmes to represent a supernatural force, or indeed a force greater to that of the subject. They are very useful in portraying tension for the viewer. I think it was used here to show the actual fear that would be caused if this situation was real. It also shows the animalistic style of whatever is attacking the actor and the velocity at which it does. This therefore gives the audience more information than what is available through dialogue.

High angle

In the first scene of the above clip a high angle shot is used. This is one which is taken above the eye line. These can make the object seem powerless and as if they're being swallowed up by the setting. I believe here it was used, because it helps to introduce what is going on and shows the true vulnerability of the actors in situation.

Over the shoulder shot

An over the shoulder shot is a shot taken of someone or something over the shoulder of another person. It is used in the above trailer for the BBC drama series Good Cop. I think it was in this situation because it really involves the viewer and gives them the opportunity to feel like a 'fly on the wall' and therefore keeps there interest, and will make them want to watch the actual show in order to see what that scene was about.

Point of View shot

A point of view shot is one which is taken from the point of view of the actor/actress, basically what you can see if your standing in their position. In the above clip, between 1:39 and 1:43 a point of view shot is being used. I think it was used here as it virtually puts the audience in the show, and almost makes them feel the fear that the actor or actress is acting out, making them question what they would do, and maintaining a high level of suspense and therefore interest within the viewer.

Aerial Shot

An aerial shot is on which is done from a height for example a helicopter or crane, in order to give a large shot over landscape. In the above example an aerial shot is used 00:03 into the clip. In this it is quite dull images used and nothing signifying luxury, giving a feel of working class. This may have been used because this is a clip advertising new series Made in the North, therefore through this shot they are literally giving an overview, however nothing particularly interesting is included here therefore making the audience want to draw on their own conclusions, and therefore actually watch the drama in order to find out whether they were correct or not.

Two shot

A two shot is quite simply, a shot with two people included within the shot. There are various examples of two shot used throughout the above clip, one is at 00:11. I believe that this shot was used in this particular scene as it is more atmospheric having the 2 people in the car rather than just one. Also, by it being a man and woman including in this, it will lead the audience to ask questions such as whether there is a romantic story behind them. This is therefore a useful technique as it maintains the audience interest.

Wide Shot

A wide shot is one in which the camera is placed at a place so that it is able to catch the most action going on in the shot. There is an example of a wide shot at 00:09 into the above video. You can see here that the subjects are immediately noticed however also the audiences attention is attracted to the surrounding setting. This was more than likely used here as to give a brief preview of the setting and characters of this new drama.

Mid Shot

In the above clip there is an example of a mid shot being used at 00:27. A mid shot is much the same as a medium shot, however it gives more detail to the subject, therefore giving the viewer more of a feel for the whole subject. I think this shot was used in the above example as to enhance the viewers interest. We can see from this shot that the actress is wealthy, this is enhanced by the detail displayed in what she wearing and what she is doing. However, this shot is used so briefly that we don't get to know the actress, therefore making the viewer wonder who she is, what she has to do with the story of 'Sherlock' and what infact has given her the ability to afford such elegance.

Long Shot

Throughout the above clip there is examples of long shots being used, for example, at 0:09,0:21 and 0:26. A long shot again is what it says, it is a shot taken far enough away from the subject to include the whole subject. However in comparison to an extreme long shot, it is not far enough away as to show the whole setting. For example, if your subject was a human, this shot would show the whole human along with some surrounding areas where with an extreme long shot it is focused more on the surrounding of the subject, rather than the actual subject itself. I think here, a long shot is very fitting as it shows parts of the show and the immediate setting. Therefore giving viewers a taste of what they can expect, without again giving away too much. Through this shot being used the viewer can draw upon many conclusions, for example, it's set in 50's-60's era, there will be a holy aspect or it is surrounding midwifery.

Medium Shot

Above is a screen shot of a skins clip demonstrating a medium shot. A medium shot is exactly what you would expect, a shot from a medium distance to the subject. It is usually the shot in which you see half of the subject, for example with humans, the upper half of their body, or the lower half. I think here it was used because by using this shot the director was able to include the actresses body language and stance. Therefore drawing the viewer in more however not giving enough away through dialogue to spoil the episode.

Close Up

Example of close up can be found 1:00 into the video. An extreme long shot is one which the whole shot focuses mainly on the subject. It is a shot taken in close range. I think here this type of shot was used because throughout the teaser we can get a sense that this is going to be quite a 'spooky' series. By using this type of shot, the director has focused in on the child's showing the real fear within her, this therefore causing fear for the viewer but also influencing them to want to watch more to see what is causing this fear.

Extreme Long Shot

An example of extreme long shot is used at 00:46 into the above film. An extreme long shot is when the camera is the furthest it can be from its subject. It can also be known as an establishing shot, it is usually used in advertising for dramas or at the start of programmes because it helps set up the scene without giving too much away. I believe that the extreme long shot was used here in this example because this is an advertising campaign for new dramas coming to BBC. It helps in this because it sets up the setting, however does not give a lot away therefore maintaining audience interest.